gold and silver

aes, aeris (often used in plur. nom. and acc.; abl. aeribus, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll., and Lucr. 2, 636; gen. AERVM, Inscr. Orell. 3551), n. [cf. Germ. Eisen = iron, Erz = copper; Goth. aiz = copper, gold; Angl.Sax. ar, ær = ore, copper, brass; Eng. iron, ore; Lat. aurum; with the com. notion of brightness; cf. aurora, etc.].

Any crude metal dug out of the earth, except gold and silver; esp.,

Aes Cyprium, whence cuprum, copper: scoria aeris, copper dross or scoria, Plin. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

aeris flos,

flowers of copper, id. 34, 11, 24, § 107:

squama aeris,

scales of copper, Cels. 2, 12 init.:

aes fundere,

Plin. 33, 5, 30, § 94:

conflare et temperare,

id. 7, 56, 57, § 197:

India neque aes neque plumbum habet,

id. 34, 17, 48, § 163:

aurum et argentum et aes,

Vulg. Ex. 25, 3.—

An alloy, for the most part of copper and tin, bronze (brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, was hardly known to the ancients. For their bronze coins the Greeks adhered to copper and tin till B.C. 400, after which they added lead. Silver is rare in Greek bronze coins. The Romans admitted lead into their bronze coins, but gradually reduced the quantity, and, under Calig., Nero, Vesp., and Domit., issued pure copper coins, and then reverted to the mixture of lead. In the bronze mirrors now existing, which are nearly all Etruscan, silver predominated to give a highly reflecting surface. The antique bronze had about 87 parts of copper to 13 of tin. An analysis of several objects has given the following centesimal parts: statua ex aere, Cic. Phil. 9, 6:

simulacrum ex aere factum,

Plin. 34, 4, 9, § 15:

valvas ex aere factitavere,

id. 34, 3, 7, § 13.—Hence:

ducere aliquem ex aere,

to cast one's image in bronze, id. 7, 37, 38, § 125; and in the same sense poet.:

ducere aera,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 240:

aes Corinthium,

Plin. 34, 2, 3, §§ 5-8; v. Corinthius.—

Meton.

(Esp. in the poets.) For everything made or prepared from copper, bronze, etc. ( statues, tables of laws, money), and (as the ancients had the art of hardening and tempering copper and bronze) weapons, armor, utensils of husbandry: aes sonit, franguntur hastae, the trumpet sounds, Enn. ap. Non. 504, 32 (Trag. v. 213 Vahl.):

Et prior aeris erat quam ferri cognitus usus: Aere solum terrae tractabant, aereque belli Miscebant fluctus et vulnera vasta serebant, etc.,

Lucr. 5, 1287:

quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi jussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit,

Cic. Phil. 1, 17; cf. id. Fam. 12, 1; Tac. A. 11, 14; 12, 53; id. H. 4, 40: aere ( with the trumpet, horn) ciere viros, Verg. A. 6, 165:

non tuba directi, non aeris cornua flexi,

Ov. M. 1, 98 (hence also rectum aes, the tuba, in contr. with the crooked buccina, Juv. 2, 118); a brazen prow, Verg. A. 1, 35; the brazen age, Hor. Epod. 16, 64.—In plur.: aera, Cato ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 27 Müll.; Verg. A. 2, 734; Hor. C. 4, 8, 2 al.—

Money: the first Roman money consisted of small rude masses of copper, called aes rude, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; afterwards as coined:

aes signatum,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43;

so aes alone: si aes habent, dant mercem,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 49:

ancilla aere suo empta,

Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 26: aes circumforaneum. borrowed from the brokers in the forum, Cic. Att. 2, 1: Hic meret aera liber Sosiis, earns them money, Hor. A. P. [p. 61] 345:

gravis aere dextra,

Verg. E. 1, 36:

effusum est aes tuum,

Vulg. Ez. 16, 36:

neque in zona aes (tollerent),

ib. Maarc. 6, 8:

etiam aureos nummos aes dicimus,

Dig. 50, 16, 159.—Hence,

Aes alienum, lit. the money of another; hence, in reference to him who has it, the sum owed, a debt, Plaut. Curc. 3, 1, 2:

habere aes alienum,

Cic. Fam. 5, 6:

aes alienum amicorum suscipere,

to take upon one's self, id. Off. 2, 16:

contrahere,

to run up, id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

facere,

id. Att. 13, 46:

conflare,

Sall. C. 14, 2; 24, 3:

in aes alienum incidere,

to fall into debt, Cic. Cat. 2, 9:

in aere alieno esse,

to be in debt, id. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 6; so,

aere alieno oppressum esse,

id. Font. 1; so Vulg. 1 Reg. 22, 2:

laborare ex aere alieno,

Caes. B. C. 3, 22:

liberare se aere alieno,

to get quit of, Cic. Att. 6, 2; so,

aes alienum dissolvere,

id. Sull. 56:

aere alieno exire,

to get out of, id. Phil. 11, 6.—

In aere meo est, trop., he is, as it were, among my effects, he is my friend (only in the language of common conversation):

in animo habui te in aere meo esse propter Lamiae nostri conjunctionem,

Cic. Fam. 13, 62; 15, 14.—

Alicujus aeris esse, to be of some value, Gell. 18, 5.—

In aere suo censeri, to be esteemed according to its own worth, Sen. Ep. 87.—

Sometimes = as, the unit of the standard of money (cf. as); hence, aes grave, the old heary money (as weighed, not counted out):

denis milibus aeris gravis reos condemnavit,

Liv. 5, 12:

indicibus dena milia aeris gravis, quae tum divitiae habebantur, data,

id. 4, 60; so, aes alone and in the gen. sing., instead of assium:

aeris miliens, triciens,

a hundred millions, three millions, Cic. Rep. 3, 10:

qui milibus aeris quinquaginta census fuisset,

Liv. 24, 11.—Also for coins that are smaller than an as (quadrans, triens, etc.):

nec pueri credunt, nisi qui nondum aere, i. e. quadrante, lavantur (those who bathed paid each a quadrans),

Juv. 2, 152 (cf.:

dum tu quadrante lavatum Rex ibis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 137).—

Wages, pay.

A soldier's pay = stipendium:

negabant danda esse aera militibus,

Liv. 5, 4. And soon after: annua aera habes: annuam operam ede.— Hence in plur., = stipendia, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 33.—

Reward, payment, in gen., Juv. 6, 125: nullum in bonis numero, quod ad aes exit, that has in view or aims at pay, reward, Sen. Ep. 88.—

In plur.: aera, counters; hence also the items of a computed sum (for which, later, a sing. form aera, ae (q. v.), came into use): si aera singula probāsti, summam, quae ex his confecta sit, non probare? Cic. ap. Non. 3, 18.

mĕtallum, i, n., = metallon, a mine or quarry, of gold, silver, iron, or stone; voc. metalle, as if from metallus, Spart. Pesc. Nig. 126.

Lit., the place where metals are dug, a mine:

metalla vetera intermissa recoluit, et nova multis locis instituit,

Liv. 39, 24:

sandaracae,

Vitr. 7, 7, 5:

aurifera,

gold-mines, Luc. 3, 209:

silicum,

stone-quarry, id. 4, 304:

miniarium,

Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

praeter annuum, quod ex metallis regiis capia, vectigal,

Liv. 42, 12: herba tantae suavitatis, ut metallum esse coeperit, a mine, i. e. that a tax was raised from it as from a mine, Plin. 21, 7, 20, § 44: damnare in metallum, to condemn to labor in the mines or quarries:

damnatus in metallum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 8:

condemnare aliquem ad metalla,

Suet. Calig. 27:

mediocrium delictorum poenae sunt metallum, ludus, deportatio,

Paul. Sent. 5, 17, 3; 5, 3, 5:

dare aliquem in metallum,

Dig. 48, 19, 8:

metallo plecti,

ib. 47, 11, 7:

puniri,

ib. 48, 13, 6.—

Transf., the product of a mine or quarry.

A metal, as gold, silver, or iron:

ubicumque una inventa vena argenti est, non procul invenitur alia. Hoc quidem et in omni fere materia: unde metalla Graeci videntur dixisse,

Plin. 33. 6, 31, §

96: auri,

Verg. A. 8, 445:

potior metallis libertas,

i. e. gold and silver, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 39:

aeris,

Verg. G. 2, 165:

pejoraque saecula ferri temporibus, quorum... nomen a nullo posuit natura metallo,

Juv. 13, 30.—

Other things dug from the earth.

Marble, Stat. S. 4, 3, 98.—

Precious stone:

radiantium metalla gemmarum,

Pacat. Pan. 4.—

Chalk:

admiscetur creta... Campani negant alicam confici sine eo metallo posse,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 114.—

Sulphur:

utque est ingenium vivacis metalli (sulphuris),

App. M. 9. p. 228, 23.—

Salt:

metallum fragile,

Prud. Hamart. 744.—

Trop., metal, stuff, material:

saecula meliore metallo,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 184:

mores meliore metallo,

id. Cons. Mall. Theod. 137.

ăbăcus, i (according to Prisc. 752 P. also ăbax, ăcis; cf. id. p. 688), m.,=abax, akos, prop. a square tublet; hence, in partic.,

A sideboard, the top of which was made of marble, sometimes of silver, gold, or other precious material, chiefly used for the display of gold and silver vessels, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35; 2, 4, 25, § 57; id. Tusc. 5, 21, 61; Varr. L. L. 9, § 46 Mūll.; Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 14; Juv. 3, 2-0-4:

perh. also called mensae Delphicae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 59 init. Zumpt; Mart. 12, 67. Accord. to Liv. 39, 6, 7, and Plin. 34, 3, 8, § 14, Cn. Manlius Vulso flrst brought them from Asia to Rome, B.C. 187, in his triumph over the Galatae; cf. Becker, Gall. 2, p. 258 (2d edit.).—

A gaming-board, divided into compurtments, for playing with dice or counters, Suet. Ner. 22; Macr. S. 1, 5.—

A counting-table, covered with sand or dust, and used for arithmetical computation, Pers. 1, 131; App. Mag. p. 284; cf. Becker, Gall. 2, p. 65. —

A wooden tray, Cato, R. R. 10, 4.—

A painted panel or square compariment in the wall or ceiling of a chamber, Vitr. 7, 3, 10; Plin. 33, 12, 56, § 159; 35, 1, 1, § 3, and 35, 6, 13, § 32.—

In architecture, a fiat, square stone on the top of a column, immediately under the architrare, Vitr. 3, 5, 5 sq.; 4, 1, 11 sq.

* * *

aerūgo, ĭnis, f. [aes, as ferrugo from ferrum].

Rust of copper: aes Corinthium in aeruginem incidit, * Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; Plin. 15, 8, 8, § 34; 34, 17, 48, § 160.—

Transf.

The verdigris prepared from the same:

Aeruginis quoque magnus usus est,

Plin. 34, 11, 26, § 110.—

In gen., rust of gold and silver:

aerugo eorum (auri et argenti) in testimonium vobis erit,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 3.—

Poet. (as pars pro toto, and sarcastic.), money, Juv. 13, 60.—

Trop.

Envy, jealousy, ill-will (which seek to consume the possessions of a neighbor, as rust corrodes metals):

haec est Aerugo mera,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 101:

versus tincti viridi aerugine,

Mart. 10, 33, 5; 2, 61, 5.—

Avarice, which cleaves to the mind of man like rust:

animos aerugo et cura peculi Cum semel imbuerit,

Hor. A. P. 330.

* * *

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

dēnārĭus, a, um, adj. [deni], containing ten.

In gen.:

numerus digitorum,

Vitr. 3, 1:

fistula,

ten inches in circumference, Plin. 31, 6, 31, § 58; Vitr. 8, 7: DENARIAE caerimoniae dicebantur et TRICENARIAE, quibus sacra adituris decem continuis rebus vel triginta certis quibusdam rebus carendum erat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 71, 10.— Freq.,

Esp. nummus, or absol., de-narius, ii, m. ( gen. plur., denarium, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55; id. Off. 3, 23 fin.; cf. Varr. L. L. 8, § 71 Müll.:

denariorum,

Cic. Fam. 9, 18 fin.; Suet. Tib. 48).

A Roman silver coin, which originally contained ten, and afterwards eighteen asses, in value equivalent to an Attic drachma, or about sixteen American cents, Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44; Vitr. 3, 1, 8; Paul. ex Fest. p. 98, 1 Müll.:

denarii nummi,

Liv. 8, 11 fin.: denarii trecenti, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55; so subst., id. ib. 2, 3, 82 sq.; * Caes. B. C. 1, 52; Plin. 18, 23, 53, § 194; Mart. 1, 118 et saep.—

As, an apothecary's weight, = drachma, Plin. 21, 34, 109, § 185; Cels. 5, 17; Plin. 30, 7, 19, § 56 et saep.—

A gold coin of the value of 25 silver denarii, Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 44 sq.; 34, 7, 17, § 37; cf. Petr. 33, 2.—

In later times, a copper coin, Vop. Aurel. 9; Macr. S. 1, 7 med. —

Meton. for money in gen., Cic. Quint. 4 fin.; id. Att. 2, 6 fin.

dextĕra or dextra, ae, f. (as in most langg.; cf. Gr. dexia, Germ. die Rechte, etc.; sc. manus), the right hand (freq. a sign of greeting, of fidelity; a symbol of strength, courage, etc.).

Prop.:

cedo sis dexteram,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 102; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 84:

quod ego te per hanc dextram oro,

id. And. 1, 5, 54; cf.:

per dexteram te istam oro, quam, etc.,

Cic. Deiot. 3; cf. also Sall. J. 10, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 94 al.; and:

dexterae, quae fidei testes esse solebant,

Cic. Phil. 11, 2, 5:

fidem more Persarum dextra dare,

Nep. Dat. 10, 1:

vos libertatem atque patriam in dextris vostris portare,

Sall. C. 58, 8; cf. Verg. A. 2, 291; Hor. Epod. 7, 10; Ov. M. 13, 176; Sil. 1, 77 et saep.: miserat civitas Lingonum vetere instituto dona legionibus dextras, hospitii insigne, a pair of hands clasped in each other, made of gold, silver, etc., Tac. H. 1, 54; cf. id. ib. 2, 8 (so in Gr. dexian pempein and pherein).— Prov.: dextra tenet calamum;

strictum tenet altera ferrum,

Ov. H. 11, 3.—

Transf.

The right side:

picus et cornix est ab laeva, corvus porro ab dextera,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12; cf. Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

ab dextera,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 89; id. Mil. 3, 1, 13; Ter. And. 4, 3, 19; Sall. C. 59, 2; Ov. M. 2, 5 al.:

ilico equites jubet dextera inducere,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 88; so,

dexterā,

id. ib. 177; Caes. B. C. 2, 15, 3; Sall. J. 101, 9; Liv. 21, 43 et saep.:

specta ad dexteram,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; so,

ad dexteram,

id. Rud. 1, 2, 67; Ter. And. 4, 4, 12; Att. ap. Cic. [p. 568] Div. 1, 22 fin.; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69, 3 et saep.—

Poet., the hand, in gen.:

omne sacrum rapiente dextra,

Hor. Od. 3, 3, 52; id. S. 2, 1, 54.—

Trop., pledge of friendship:

renovare dextras,

Tac. A. 2, 58; cf.:

Graecia tendit dexteram Italiae suumque ei praesidium pollicetur,

Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9:

nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras,

Verg. A. 6, 613; cf. id. ib. 3, 610; Nep. Dat. 10, 1; Just. 11, 15, 13:

ne fas, fidem, dextras, deos testes fallat,

Liv. 29, 24.

clĭpĕus (in inscrr. and MSS. also clŭp- and clyp-), i, m. ( clĭpĕum, i, n., Verg. A. 9, 709; Liv. 1, 43, 2; 34, 52, 5; 35, 10, 12; 38, 35, 5; 40, 51, 3; Licin. et Laber. ap. Non. p. 196, 22 sq. al.) [root in clepo].

The round brazen shield of Roman soldiers (diff. from scutum, which was oval, and made of wood covered with bull's hide; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 268 sq.), Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 Müll.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 838 P. (Enn. Ann. 364 Vahl.); Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 195; 3, 2, 93; id. Truc. 2, 6, 25; Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; id. Div. 1, 44, 99; id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73; Nep. Iphic. 1, 3; Liv. 1, 43, 2; 8, 8, 3; 9, 19, 7; Verg. A. 2, 443; 7, 626; 8, 447; Hor. C. 1, 28, 11; Ov. M. 8, 27; 12, 621.—Prov.:

clipeum post vulnera sumere,

i. e. to do something when it is too late, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 35. —

Trop., a shield, protection, defence, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 433.—

Meton., of objects in the form of a shield. *

The vault of heaven: in altisono caeli clupeo, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll.—

The disk of the sun, Ov. M. 15, 192.—

A round meteor:

clipei et vastorum imagines ignium,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 15; 7, 20, 2; Plin. 2, 34, 34, § 100.—But esp. freq.,

A bust of the gods or distinguished men, represented upon a shield-formed surface (of gold, silver, etc., skilfully prepared, and often laid up as sacred gifts in the temples; so mostly in neutr. form; v. supra init.):

scutis qualibus apud Trojam pugnatum est, continebantur imagines, unde et nomen habuere clipeorum,

Plin. 35, 3, 4, § 13; Liv. 25, 39, 13; 35, 10, 12; Tac. A. 2, 83; Suet. Calig. 16; id. Dom. 23; Dig. 9, 3, 5 fin. —

Clipeum antiqui ob rotunditatem etiam corium bovis appellarunt, in quo foedus Gabinorum cum Romanis fuerat descriptum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56 Müll. (cf. the same use of hoplon, Corp. Inscr. Graec. II. p. 664).

clĭpĕus (in inscrr. and MSS. also clŭp- and clyp-), i, m. ( clĭpĕum, i, n., Verg. A. 9, 709; Liv. 1, 43, 2; 34, 52, 5; 35, 10, 12; 38, 35, 5; 40, 51, 3; Licin. et Laber. ap. Non. p. 196, 22 sq. al.) [root in clepo].

The round brazen shield of Roman soldiers (diff. from scutum, which was oval, and made of wood covered with bull's hide; cf. Dict. of Antiq. p. 268 sq.), Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 93 Müll.; id. ap. Prisc. p. 838 P. (Enn. Ann. 364 Vahl.); Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 195; 3, 2, 93; id. Truc. 2, 6, 25; Cic. Fin. 2, 30, 97; id. Div. 1, 44, 99; id. Tusc. 1, 15, 34; id. de Or. 2, 17, 73; Nep. Iphic. 1, 3; Liv. 1, 43, 2; 8, 8, 3; 9, 19, 7; Verg. A. 2, 443; 7, 626; 8, 447; Hor. C. 1, 28, 11; Ov. M. 8, 27; 12, 621.—Prov.:

clipeum post vulnera sumere,

i. e. to do something when it is too late, Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 35. —

Trop., a shield, protection, defence, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 433.—

Meton., of objects in the form of a shield. *

The vault of heaven: in altisono caeli clupeo, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 73 Müll.—

The disk of the sun, Ov. M. 15, 192.—

A round meteor:

clipei et vastorum imagines ignium,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 1, 15; 7, 20, 2; Plin. 2, 34, 34, § 100.—But esp. freq.,

A bust of the gods or distinguished men, represented upon a shield-formed surface (of gold, silver, etc., skilfully prepared, and often laid up as sacred gifts in the temples; so mostly in neutr. form; v. supra init.):

scutis qualibus apud Trojam pugnatum est, continebantur imagines, unde et nomen habuere clipeorum,

Plin. 35, 3, 4, § 13; Liv. 25, 39, 13; 35, 10, 12; Tac. A. 2, 83; Suet. Calig. 16; id. Dom. 23; Dig. 9, 3, 5 fin. —

Clipeum antiqui ob rotunditatem etiam corium bovis appellarunt, in quo foedus Gabinorum cum Romanis fuerat descriptum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 56 Müll. (cf. the same use of hoplon, Corp. Inscr. Graec. II. p. 664).

cănon, ŏnis, m. (acc. canona, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; acc. plur. canonas, Aus. Ep. 136; in Cic. Fam. 16, 17, 1, used as a Greek word), = kanôn [kanna, kanê, a reed, cane].

A marking or measuring line; hence, a rule, canon, model (cf. Lidd. and Scott, under kanôn).—

Esp.

A wooden channel in hydraulic instruments, Vitr. 10, 13 Rod.—

Under the emperors, an annual tribute, established by law, in grain, gold, silver, clothing, etc., Spart. Sev. 8; Lampr. Elag. 27.—

In eccl. Lat., a catalogue of sacred writings, as admitted by the rule, the Canon, Aug. Doctr. Christ. 2, 8; Hier. Prol. Gal. Aug. Civ. 17, 24; 18, 38; cf. Isid. Orig. 6, 15 and 16.—

Also in late Lat., from their shape, in plur.: cănŏnes, um, cannon: et illic figere gunnas suas, quas Galli canones vocant, quibus validius villam infestare posset, Thom. Walsingham in Henry V. p. 398.

cănon, ŏnis, m. (acc. canona, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 55; acc. plur. canonas, Aus. Ep. 136; in Cic. Fam. 16, 17, 1, used as a Greek word), = kanôn [kanna, kanê, a reed, cane].

A marking or measuring line; hence, a rule, canon, model (cf. Lidd. and Scott, under kanôn).—

Esp.

A wooden channel in hydraulic instruments, Vitr. 10, 13 Rod.—

Under the emperors, an annual tribute, established by law, in grain, gold, silver, clothing, etc., Spart. Sev. 8; Lampr. Elag. 27.—

In eccl. Lat., a catalogue of sacred writings, as admitted by the rule, the Canon, Aug. Doctr. Christ. 2, 8; Hier. Prol. Gal. Aug. Civ. 17, 24; 18, 38; cf. Isid. Orig. 6, 15 and 16.—

Also in late Lat., from their shape, in plur.: cănŏnes, um, cannon: et illic figere gunnas suas, quas Galli canones vocant, quibus validius villam infestare posset, Thom. Walsingham in Henry V. p. 398.

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